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Preparation and influence of performance of anodic catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell

WANG Zhenbo, YIN Geping, SHI Pengfei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 20-25 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0005-9

摘要： This research aims at increasing the utilization of platinum-ruthenium alloy (Pt-Ru) catalysts and thus lowering the catalyst loading in anodes for methanol electrooxidation. The direct methanol fuel cell s (DMFC) anodic catalysts, Pt-Ru/C, were prepared by chemical reduction with a reducing agent added in two kinds of solutions under different circumstances. The reducing agent was added in hot solution with the protection of inert gases or just air, and in cold solution with inert gases. The catalysts were treated at different temperatures. Their performance was tested by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic polarization by utilizing their inherent powder microelectrode in 0.5 mol/L CHOH and 0.5 mol/L HSO solution. The structures and micro-surface images of the catalysts were determined and observed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The catalyst prepared in inert gases showed a better catalytic performance for methanol electrooxidation than that prepared in air. It resulted in a more homogeneous distribution of the Pt-Ru alloy in carbon. Its size is small, only about 4.5 nm. The catalytic performance is affected by the order of the reducing agent added. The performance of the catalyst prepared by adding the reductant at constant temperature of the solution is better than that prepared by adding it in the solution at 0?C and then heating it up to the reducing temperature. The structure of the catalyst was modified, and there was an increase in the conversion of ruthenium into the alloyed state and an increase in particle size with the ascension of heat treatment temperature. In addition, the stability of the catalyst was improved after heat treatment.

关键词： catalyst prepared     stability     ascension     potentiostatic polarization     platinum-ruthenium    

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A review of Pt-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Changlin ZHANG, Xiaochen SHEN, Yanbo PAN, Zhenmeng PENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 268-285 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0466-6

摘要： Development of active and durable electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains one challenge for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology. Pt-based nanomaterials show the greatest promise as electrocatalyst for this reaction among all current catalytic structures. This review focuses on Pt-based ORR catalyst material development and covers the past achievements, current research status and perspectives in this research field. In particular, several important categories of Pt-based catalytic structures and the research advances are summarized. Key factors affecting the catalyst activity and durability are discussed. An outlook of future research direction of ORR catalyst research is provided.

关键词： oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)     electrocatalysis     platinum catalyst     activity     durability    

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Platinum on nitrogen doped graphene and tungsten carbide supports for ammonia electro-oxidation reaction

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 930-938 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2130-2

摘要： Ammonia electrooxidation reaction involving multistep electron-proton transfer is a significant reaction for fuel cells, hydrogen production and understanding nitrogen cycle. Platinum has been established as the best electrocatalyst for ammonia oxidation in aqueous alkaline media. In this study, Pt/nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG) and Pt/tungsten monocarbide (WC)/NDG are synthesized by a wet chemistry method and their ammonia oxidation activities are compared to commercial Pt/C. Pt/NDG exhibits a specific activity of 0.472 mA∙cm–2, which is 44% higher than commercial Pt/C, thus establishing NDG as a more effective support than carbon black. Moreover, it is demonstrated that WC as a support also impacts the activity with further 30% increase in comparison to NDG. Surface modification with Ir resulted in the best electrocatalytic activity with Pt-Ir/WC/NDG having almost thrice the current density of commercial Pt/C. This work adds insights regarding the role of NDG and WC as efficient supports along with significant impact of Ir surface modification.

关键词： Ammonia electro-oxidation reaction     electrocatalyst supports     platinum     nitrogen doped graphene     tungsten carbide    

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Study on the growth of platinum nanowires as cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Ruiqing Wang, Xiaolan Cao, Sheng Sui, Bing Li, Qingfeng Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 364-375 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2052-z

摘要： The platinum nanowires have been verified to be a promising catalyst to promote the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this paper, accurately controlled growth of nanowires in a carbon matrix is achieved for reducing Pt loading. The effects of formic acid concentration and reaction temperature on the morphology and size of the Pt nanowires, as well as their electrochemical performances in a single cell, are investigated. The results showed that the increase in the formic acid concentration results in a volcano trend with the length of Pt nanowires. With increasing reduction temperature, the diameter of Pt nanowires increases while Pt particles evolve from one-dimensional to zero-dimensional up to 40 °C. A mechanism of the Pt nanowires growth is proposed. The optimized Pt nanowires electrode exhibits a power density (based on electrochemical active surface area) 79% higher than conventional Pt/C one. The control strategy obtained contributes to the design and control of novel nanostructures in nano-synthesis and catalyst applications.

关键词： Pt nanowires     morphology     structure control     in situ growth mechanism     proton exchange membrane fuel cells    

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Hydro-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass over alumina supported Platinum, Mo

Songbo He, Jeffrey Boom, Rolf van der Gaast, K. Seshan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 155-161 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1655-x

摘要： In-line hydro-treatment of bio-oil vapor from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (hydro-pyrolysis of biomass) is studied as a method of upgrading the liquefied bio-oil for a possible precursor to green fuels. The nobel metal (Pt) and non-noble metal catalysts (Mo C and WC) were compared at 500 °C and atmospheric pressure which are same as the reaction conditions for fast pyrolysis of biomass. Results indicated that under the pyrolysis conditions, the major components, such as acids and carbonyls, of the fast pyrolysis bio-oil can be completely and partially hydrogenated to form hydrocarbons, an ideal fossil fuel blend, in the hydro-treated bio-oil. The carbide catalysts perform equally well as the Pt catalyst regarding to the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon formation (ca. 60%), showing the feasibility of using the cheap non-noble catalysts for hydro-pyrolysis of biomass.

关键词： bio-oil     pyrolysis     hydro-deoxygenation (HDO)     non-noble metal catalysts     hydro-treatment    

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Oxygen reduction electrocatalysis: From conventional to single-atomic platinum-based catalysts for proton

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0907-3

摘要： Platinum (Pt)-based materials are still the most efficient and practical catalysts to drive the sluggish kinetics of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, their catalysis and stability performance still need to be further improved in terms of corrosion of both carbon support and Pt catalyst particles as well as Pt loading reduction. Based on the developed synthetic strategies of alloying/nanostructuring Pt particles and modifying/innovating supports in developing conventional Pt-based catalysts, Pt single-atom catalysts (Pt SACs) as the recently burgeoning hot materials with a potential to achieve the maximum utilization of Pt are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The design thoughts and synthesis of various isolated, alloyed, and nanoparticle-contained Pt SACs are summarized. The single-atomic Pt coordinating with non-metals and alloying with metals as well as the metal-support interactions of Pt single-atoms with carbon/non-carbon supports are emphasized in terms of the ORR activity and stability of the catalysts. To advance further research and development of Pt SACs for viable implementation in PEMFCs, various technical challenges and several potential research directions are outlined.

关键词： oxygen reduction electrocatalysis     Pt single-atom catalysts     conventional Pt-based catalysts     design thoughts and synthesis     metal-support interactions    

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Synthesis and electrocatalytic property of cubic and spherical nanoparticles of cobalt platinum alloys

Xiaowei TENG, Hong YANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 45-51 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0308-0

摘要： This paper describes the morphological control and electrocatalytic property of CoPt nanoparticles. Both cubic and spherical CoPt nanoparticles were made using cobalt carbonyl and platinum 2,4-pentanedionate under different reaction temperatures in the presence of capping reagents, which included adamantanecarboxylic acid and hexadecylamine. Effects of heterogeneous species on shape of the CoPt nanoparticles were examined by replacing cobalt carbonyl with silver acetylacetonate. Our results suggest that the formation of different shapes of CoPt particles could be attributed to the affinity between cobalt and platinum, and the effects of capping agents. The size and shape dependent electrocatalytic properties of these nanoparticles were examined based on the direct methanol oxidation reaction.

关键词： spherical     2     4-pentanedionate     adamantanecarboxylic     acetylacetonate     electrocatalytic    

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Bevacizumab in combination with pemetrexed and platinum for elderly patients with advanced non-squamous

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 610-617 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0827-8

摘要： Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, has significantly improved the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC (ns-NSCLC). However, the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC require further investigation. Thus, 59 patients were included in the present retrospective study, 22 patients in the bevacizumab plus pemetrexed and platinum (B+PP) group, and 37 patients in the pemetrexed and platinum (PP) group. For the entire cohort of patients, the median OS was 33.3 months, and the 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 88.5% and 67.8%, respectively. The median OS and 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 20.5 months, 70.3% and 0%, respectively, in the B+PP group and 33.4 months, 97.0% and 89.4%, respectively, in the PP group (P <0.001). The incidence of grade≥3 adverse events was higher in the B+PP group than in the PP group (27.3% vs. 10.8%, respectively; P=0.204). Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that the receipt of≥5 cycles of first-line chemotherapy was an independent favorable prognostic factor for OS, whereas the addition of bevacizumab was an unfavorable prognostic factor. With increased toxicities, the addition of bevacizumab to PP does not improve the overall survival of elderly patients with advanced ns-NSCLC.

关键词： bevacizumab     elderly patient     advanced non-small-cell lung cancer     overall survival     toxicity    

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走向白金社会：工程科学面临的挑战

Hiroshi Komiyama

《工程（英文）》 2015年 第1卷 第1期   页码 18-20 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015019

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Modeling nanostructured catalyst layer in PEMFC and catalyst utilization

Jiejing ZHANG, Pengzhen CAO, Li XU, Yuxin WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 297-302 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1201-1

摘要： A lattice model of the nanoscaled catalyst layer structure in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was established by Monte Carlo method. The model takes into account all the four components in a typical PEMFC catalyst layer: platinum (Pt), carbon, ionomer and pore. The elemental voxels in the lattice were set fine enough so that each average sized Pt particulate in Pt/C catalyst can be represented. Catalyst utilization in the modeled catalyst layer was calculated by counting up the number of facets of Pt voxels where “three phase contact” are met. The effects of some factors, including porosity, ionomer content, Pt/C particle size and Pt weight percentage in the Pt/C catalyst, on catalyst utilization were investigated and discussed.

关键词： catalyst layer     PEM fuel cell     lattice model     Monte Carlo method     catalyst utilization    

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Oxidant or catalyst for oxidation?

Jianzhi Huang, Huichun Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1158-8

摘要： Manganese oxides (MnOx) have been demonstrated to be effective materials to activate Oxone (i.e., PMS) to degrade various contaminants. However, the contribution of direct oxidation by MnOx to the total contaminant degradation under acidic conditions was often neglected in the published work, which has resulted in different and even conflicting interpretations of the reaction mechanisms. Here, the role of MnOx (as both oxidants and catalysts) in the activation of Oxone was briefly discussed. The findings offered new insights into the reaction mechanisms in PMS-MnOx and provided a more accurate approach to examine contaminant degradation for water/wastewater treatment.

关键词： Peroxymonosulfate     Manganese oxides     Catalyst     Oxidant    

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Monte Carlo simulation of the PEMFC catalyst layer

WANG Hongxing, CAO Pengzhen, WANG Yuxin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 146-150 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0027-3

摘要： The performance of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is greatly controlled by the structure of the catalyst layer. Low catalyst utilization is still a significant obstacle to the commercialization of the PEMFC. In order to get a fundamental understanding of the electrode structure and to find the limiting factor in the low catalyst utilization, it is necessary to develop the mechanical model on the effect of catalyst layer structure on the catalyst utilization and the performance of the PEMFC. In this work, the structure of the catalyst layer is studied based on the lattice model with the Monte Carlo simulation. The model can predict the effects of some catalyst layer components, such as Pt/C catalyst, electrolyte and gas pores, on the utilization of the catalyst and the cell performance. The simulation result shows that the aggregation of conduction grains can greatly affect the degree of catalyst utilization. The better the dispersion of the conduction grains, the larger the total effective area of the catalyst is. To achieve higher utilization, catalyst layer components must be distributed by means of engineered design, which can prevent aggregation.

关键词： catalyst utilization     PEMFC     commercialization     Pt/C catalyst     conduction    

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Dendritic BiVO4 decorated with MnOx co-catalyst as an efficient hierarchical catalyst for photocatalytic

Jin Yang, Xuelian Liu, Hongbin Cao, Yanchun Shi, Yongbing Xie, Jiadong Xiao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 185-191 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1713-z

摘要： An appropriate co-catalyst can significantly promote the photocatalytic efficacy, but this has been seldom studied in the visible-light photocatalysis combined with ozone, namely photocatalytic ozonation. In this work, a dendritic bismuth vanadium tetraoxide (BiVO ) material composited with highly dispersed MnO nanoparticles was synthesized, and its catalytic activity is 86.6% higher than bare BiVO in a visible light and ozone combined process. Catalytic ozonation experiments, ultra-violet-visible (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra and photoluminescence spectra jointly indicate that MnO plays a triple role in this process. MnO strengthens the light adsorption and promotes the charge separation on the composite material, and it also shows good activity in catalytic ozonation. The key reactive species in this process is ·OH, and various pathways for its generation in this process is proposed. This work provides a new direction of catalyst preparation and pushes forward the application of photocatalytic ozonation in water treatment.

关键词： manganese oxide     bismuth vanadium tetraoxide     photocatalytic ozonation     hydroxyl radical     co-catalyst    

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Insight into the promotion mechanism of activated carbon on the monolithic honeycomb red mud catalyst

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1337-7

摘要：

• Activated carbon was proposed to be an efficient accelerant for molded red mud catalyst.

关键词： NOx     Selective catalytic reduction     Iron-based catalyst     Red mud     Monolithic catalyst     Activated carbon    

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Direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate over heterogeneous catalyst: effects of structure of substitutedperovskite carrier on the catalyst activities

WU Guangwen, JIN Fang, WU Yuxin, ZHANG Guangxu, LI Dinghuo, WANG Cunwen, MA Peisheng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 59-64 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0012-x

摘要： The perovskite-type compound LaMnO was substituted for the part of La in position A and for the part of Mn in position B by citrate method. The phases were detected by X-ray diffraction. Powder morphologies were scanned by scanning electron microscopy. The valence of atoms was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the perovskite can form crystal defect and increase the proportion of high valence B element by doping. Active component Pd was loaded on various perovskite supports for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate. The results showed that the activities of catalysts in which supports have crystal defect by substitution were higher. It can be concluded that perovskite with defect structure by doping could lead to the formation of oxygen vacancy where the lattice oxygen became exchangeable with the oxygen gas. Also, this improved the redox process of the carrier by transferring electrons and activities of catalysts.

关键词： photoelectron spectroscopy     diphenyl carbonate     proportion     diffraction     perovskite    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Preparation and influence of performance of anodic catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell

WANG Zhenbo, YIN Geping, SHI Pengfei

期刊论文

A review of Pt-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Changlin ZHANG, Xiaochen SHEN, Yanbo PAN, Zhenmeng PENG

期刊论文

Platinum on nitrogen doped graphene and tungsten carbide supports for ammonia electro-oxidation reaction

期刊论文

Study on the growth of platinum nanowires as cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Ruiqing Wang, Xiaolan Cao, Sheng Sui, Bing Li, Qingfeng Li

期刊论文

Hydro-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass over alumina supported Platinum, Mo

Songbo He, Jeffrey Boom, Rolf van der Gaast, K. Seshan

期刊论文

Oxygen reduction electrocatalysis: From conventional to single-atomic platinum-based catalysts for proton

期刊论文

Synthesis and electrocatalytic property of cubic and spherical nanoparticles of cobalt platinum alloys

Xiaowei TENG, Hong YANG,

期刊论文

Bevacizumab in combination with pemetrexed and platinum for elderly patients with advanced non-squamous

期刊论文

走向白金社会：工程科学面临的挑战

Hiroshi Komiyama

期刊论文

Modeling nanostructured catalyst layer in PEMFC and catalyst utilization

Jiejing ZHANG, Pengzhen CAO, Li XU, Yuxin WANG

期刊论文

Oxidant or catalyst for oxidation?

Jianzhi Huang, Huichun Zhang

期刊论文

Monte Carlo simulation of the PEMFC catalyst layer

WANG Hongxing, CAO Pengzhen, WANG Yuxin

期刊论文

Dendritic BiVO4 decorated with MnOx co-catalyst as an efficient hierarchical catalyst for photocatalytic

Jin Yang, Xuelian Liu, Hongbin Cao, Yanchun Shi, Yongbing Xie, Jiadong Xiao

期刊论文

Insight into the promotion mechanism of activated carbon on the monolithic honeycomb red mud catalyst

期刊论文

Direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate over heterogeneous catalyst: effects of structure of substitutedperovskite carrier on the catalyst activities

WU Guangwen, JIN Fang, WU Yuxin, ZHANG Guangxu, LI Dinghuo, WANG Cunwen, MA Peisheng

期刊论文